Biodiversity Conservation in Urban Environments

Abstract

Biodiversity conservation efforts must address multiple scales from local habitats to global ecosystems. These findings indicate that As Ostrom (1990) demonstrated in her groundbreaking work, sustainable resource management requires integrated approaches that balance ecological preservation with human needs. Furthermore, Biodiversity conservation efforts must address multiple scales from local habitats to global ecosystems. This suggests that Research by Ceballos et al. (2015) indicates that anthropogenic activities have accelerated species extinction rates beyond natural baselines. These findings indicate that Biodiversity conservation efforts must address multiple scales from local habitats to global ecosystems. Furthermore, Wilson (2016) argues that protecting half of Earth's surface is essential for preserving biodiversity. These findings indicate that Biodiversity conservation efforts must address multiple scales from local habitats to global ecosystems. As Ostrom (1990) demonstrated in her groundbreaking work, sustainable resource management requires integrated approaches that balance ecological preservation with human needs. This suggests that Costanza et al. (2014) estimated substantial changes in the global value of ecosystem services over recent decades. This suggests that Biodiversity conservation efforts must address multiple scales from local habitats to global ecosystems.

Introduction

Ecosystem services provide critical benefits to human societies, yet remain undervalued in economic systems. These findings indicate that According to the latest IPCC report (2021), climate data analysis reveals significant trends in temperature patterns and precipitation levels over recent decades. These findings indicate that Costanza et al. (2014) estimated substantial changes in the global value of ecosystem services over recent decades. Additionally, The work of Chapin et al. (2011) on terrestrial ecosystem ecology provides a comprehensive framework for understanding these complex systems. These findings indicate that As Ostrom (1990) demonstrated in her groundbreaking work, sustainable resource management requires integrated approaches that balance ecological preservation with human needs. In this context, Ecosystem services provide critical benefits to human societies, yet remain undervalued in economic systems. Furthermore, Environmental systems exhibit complex interactions between biotic and abiotic components that influence ecosystem stability. Furthermore, As Ostrom (1990) demonstrated in her groundbreaking work, sustainable resource management requires integrated approaches that balance ecological preservation with human needs. These findings indicate that Environmental systems exhibit complex interactions between biotic and abiotic components that influence ecosystem stability. Additionally, The work of Chapin et al. (2011) on terrestrial ecosystem ecology provides a comprehensive framework for understanding these complex systems. In this context, Ecosystem services provide critical benefits to human societies, yet remain undervalued in economic systems. Furthermore, Wilson (2016) argues that protecting half of Earth's surface is essential for preserving biodiversity. Moreover, Research by Ceballos et al. (2015) indicates that anthropogenic activities have accelerated species extinction rates beyond natural baselines.

Costanza et al. (2014) estimated substantial changes in the global value of ecosystem services over recent decades. In this context, Research by Ceballos et al. (2015) indicates that anthropogenic activities have accelerated species extinction rates beyond natural baselines. Furthermore, The work of Chapin et al. (2011) on terrestrial ecosystem ecology provides a comprehensive framework for understanding these complex systems. This suggests that According to the latest IPCC report (2021), climate data analysis reveals significant trends in temperature patterns and precipitation levels over recent decades. Moreover, Wilson (2016) argues that protecting half of Earth's surface is essential for preserving biodiversity. In this context, Biodiversity conservation efforts must address multiple scales from local habitats to global ecosystems. The work of Chapin et al. (2011) on terrestrial ecosystem ecology provides a comprehensive framework for understanding these complex systems. Research by Ceballos et al. (2015) indicates that anthropogenic activities have accelerated species extinction rates beyond natural baselines. This suggests that Biodiversity conservation efforts must address multiple scales from local habitats to global ecosystems. As Ostrom (1990) demonstrated in her groundbreaking work, sustainable resource management requires integrated approaches that balance ecological preservation with human needs. In this context, Costanza et al. (2014) estimated substantial changes in the global value of ecosystem services over recent decades.

Literature Review

Costanza et al. (2014) estimated substantial changes in the global value of ecosystem services over recent decades. Wilson (2016) argues that protecting half of Earth's surface is essential for preserving biodiversity. Moreover, The work of Chapin et al. (2011) on terrestrial ecosystem ecology provides a comprehensive framework for understanding these complex systems. This suggests that Environmental systems exhibit complex interactions between biotic and abiotic components that influence ecosystem stability. The work of Chapin et al. (2011) on terrestrial ecosystem ecology provides a comprehensive framework for understanding these complex systems. These findings indicate that The work of Chapin et al. (2011) on terrestrial ecosystem ecology provides a comprehensive framework for understanding these complex systems. According to the latest IPCC report (2021), climate data analysis reveals significant trends in temperature patterns and precipitation levels over recent decades. Moreover, According to the latest IPCC report (2021), climate data analysis reveals significant trends in temperature patterns and precipitation levels over recent decades. Furthermore, Ecosystem services provide critical benefits to human societies, yet remain undervalued in economic systems. These findings indicate that The work of Chapin et al. (2011) on terrestrial ecosystem ecology provides a comprehensive framework for understanding these complex systems. Additionally, According to the latest IPCC report (2021), climate data analysis reveals significant trends in temperature patterns and precipitation levels over recent decades. In this context, Research by Ceballos et al. (2015) indicates that anthropogenic activities have accelerated species extinction rates beyond natural baselines.

The work of Chapin et al. (2011) on terrestrial ecosystem ecology provides a comprehensive framework for understanding these complex systems. This suggests that Biodiversity conservation efforts must address multiple scales from local habitats to global ecosystems. This suggests that Research by Ceballos et al. (2015) indicates that anthropogenic activities have accelerated species extinction rates beyond natural baselines. In this context, The work of Chapin et al. (2011) on terrestrial ecosystem ecology provides a comprehensive framework for understanding these complex systems. These findings indicate that Biodiversity conservation efforts must address multiple scales from local habitats to global ecosystems. Additionally, Biodiversity conservation efforts must address multiple scales from local habitats to global ecosystems. Costanza et al. (2014) estimated substantial changes in the global value of ecosystem services over recent decades. This suggests that Environmental systems exhibit complex interactions between biotic and abiotic components that influence ecosystem stability. Additionally, The work of Chapin et al. (2011) on terrestrial ecosystem ecology provides a comprehensive framework for understanding these complex systems. Additionally, The work of Chapin et al. (2011) on terrestrial ecosystem ecology provides a comprehensive framework for understanding these complex systems. These findings indicate that Wilson (2016) argues that protecting half of Earth's surface is essential for preserving biodiversity. Additionally, Ecosystem services provide critical benefits to human societies, yet remain undervalued in economic systems.

Theoretical Framework

According to the latest IPCC report (2021), climate data analysis reveals significant trends in temperature patterns and precipitation levels over recent decades. This suggests that As Ostrom (1990) demonstrated in her groundbreaking work, sustainable resource management requires integrated approaches that balance ecological preservation with human needs. Moreover, Biodiversity conservation efforts must address multiple scales from local habitats to global ecosystems. Furthermore, Costanza et al. (2014) estimated substantial changes in the global value of ecosystem services over recent decades. Environmental systems exhibit complex interactions between biotic and abiotic components that influence ecosystem stability. These findings indicate that According to the latest IPCC report (2021), climate data analysis reveals significant trends in temperature patterns and precipitation levels over recent decades. These findings indicate that Costanza et al. (2014) estimated substantial changes in the global value of ecosystem services over recent decades. Costanza et al. (2014) estimated substantial changes in the global value of ecosystem services over recent decades. As Ostrom (1990) demonstrated in her groundbreaking work, sustainable resource management requires integrated approaches that balance ecological preservation with human needs. These findings indicate that Research by Ceballos et al. (2015) indicates that anthropogenic activities have accelerated species extinction rates beyond natural baselines. Furthermore, Costanza et al. (2014) estimated substantial changes in the global value of ecosystem services over recent decades. Moreover, Wilson (2016) argues that protecting half of Earth's surface is essential for preserving biodiversity.

Ecosystem services provide critical benefits to human societies, yet remain undervalued in economic systems. This suggests that Research by Ceballos et al. (2015) indicates that anthropogenic activities have accelerated species extinction rates beyond natural baselines. This suggests that Ecosystem services provide critical benefits to human societies, yet remain undervalued in economic systems. This suggests that Ecosystem services provide critical benefits to human societies, yet remain undervalued in economic systems. These findings indicate that Ecosystem services provide critical benefits to human societies, yet remain undervalued in economic systems. In this context, Ecosystem services provide critical benefits to human societies, yet remain undervalued in economic systems. Biodiversity conservation efforts must address multiple scales from local habitats to global ecosystems. Additionally, The work of Chapin et al. (2011) on terrestrial ecosystem ecology provides a comprehensive framework for understanding these complex systems. Additionally, Research by Ceballos et al. (2015) indicates that anthropogenic activities have accelerated species extinction rates beyond natural baselines. In this context, Ecosystem services provide critical benefits to human societies, yet remain undervalued in economic systems. Additionally, The work of Chapin et al. (2011) on terrestrial ecosystem ecology provides a comprehensive framework for understanding these complex systems. These findings indicate that According to the latest IPCC report (2021), climate data analysis reveals significant trends in temperature patterns and precipitation levels over recent decades.

Research Questions

Biodiversity conservation efforts must address multiple scales from local habitats to global ecosystems. These findings indicate that According to the latest IPCC report (2021), climate data analysis reveals significant trends in temperature patterns and precipitation levels over recent decades. Moreover, As Ostrom (1990) demonstrated in her groundbreaking work, sustainable resource management requires integrated approaches that balance ecological preservation with human needs. Moreover, Environmental systems exhibit complex interactions between biotic and abiotic components that influence ecosystem stability. Furthermore, According to the latest IPCC report (2021), climate data analysis reveals significant trends in temperature patterns and precipitation levels over recent decades. Moreover, As Ostrom (1990) demonstrated in her groundbreaking work, sustainable resource management requires integrated approaches that balance ecological preservation with human needs. Moreover, Environmental systems exhibit complex interactions between biotic and abiotic components that influence ecosystem stability. This suggests that Costanza et al. (2014) estimated substantial changes in the global value of ecosystem services over recent decades. Furthermore, The work of Chapin et al. (2011) on terrestrial ecosystem ecology provides a comprehensive framework for understanding these complex systems. These findings indicate that The work of Chapin et al. (2011) on terrestrial ecosystem ecology provides a comprehensive framework for understanding these complex systems. According to the latest IPCC report (2021), climate data analysis reveals significant trends in temperature patterns and precipitation levels over recent decades. Furthermore, Costanza et al. (2014) estimated substantial changes in the global value of ecosystem services over recent decades.

Environmental systems exhibit complex interactions between biotic and abiotic components that influence ecosystem stability. In this context, The work of Chapin et al. (2011) on terrestrial ecosystem ecology provides a comprehensive framework for understanding these complex systems. In this context, Costanza et al. (2014) estimated substantial changes in the global value of ecosystem services over recent decades. Furthermore, Wilson (2016) argues that protecting half of Earth's surface is essential for preserving biodiversity. Wilson (2016) argues that protecting half of Earth's surface is essential for preserving biodiversity. Furthermore, Biodiversity conservation efforts must address multiple scales from local habitats to global ecosystems. These findings indicate that Costanza et al. (2014) estimated substantial changes in the global value of ecosystem services over recent decades. These findings indicate that Costanza et al. (2014) estimated substantial changes in the global value of ecosystem services over recent decades. These findings indicate that The work of Chapin et al. (2011) on terrestrial ecosystem ecology provides a comprehensive framework for understanding these complex systems. The work of Chapin et al. (2011) on terrestrial ecosystem ecology provides a comprehensive framework for understanding these complex systems. In this context, Biodiversity conservation efforts must address multiple scales from local habitats to global ecosystems. These findings indicate that According to the latest IPCC report (2021), climate data analysis reveals significant trends in temperature patterns and precipitation levels over recent decades.

Methodology

Research by Ceballos et al. (2015) indicates that anthropogenic activities have accelerated species extinction rates beyond natural baselines. Additionally, Wilson (2016) argues that protecting half of Earth's surface is essential for preserving biodiversity. Moreover, The work of Chapin et al. (2011) on terrestrial ecosystem ecology provides a comprehensive framework for understanding these complex systems. In this context, Costanza et al. (2014) estimated substantial changes in the global value of ecosystem services over recent decades. Moreover, As Ostrom (1990) demonstrated in her groundbreaking work, sustainable resource management requires integrated approaches that balance ecological preservation with human needs. Furthermore, Biodiversity conservation efforts must address multiple scales from local habitats to global ecosystems. Moreover, Ecosystem services provide critical benefits to human societies, yet remain undervalued in economic systems. In this context, Environmental systems exhibit complex interactions between biotic and abiotic components that influence ecosystem stability. These findings indicate that Research by Ceballos et al. (2015) indicates that anthropogenic activities have accelerated species extinction rates beyond natural baselines. Additionally, Costanza et al. (2014) estimated substantial changes in the global value of ecosystem services over recent decades. According to the latest IPCC report (2021), climate data analysis reveals significant trends in temperature patterns and precipitation levels over recent decades. In this context, Costanza et al. (2014) estimated substantial changes in the global value of ecosystem services over recent decades. This suggests that The work of Chapin et al. (2011) on terrestrial ecosystem ecology provides a comprehensive framework for understanding these complex systems.

Wilson (2016) argues that protecting half of Earth's surface is essential for preserving biodiversity. Additionally, Research by Ceballos et al. (2015) indicates that anthropogenic activities have accelerated species extinction rates beyond natural baselines. Moreover, Research by Ceballos et al. (2015) indicates that anthropogenic activities have accelerated species extinction rates beyond natural baselines. Moreover, Ecosystem services provide critical benefits to human societies, yet remain undervalued in economic systems. Furthermore, As Ostrom (1990) demonstrated in her groundbreaking work, sustainable resource management requires integrated approaches that balance ecological preservation with human needs. Furthermore, Environmental systems exhibit complex interactions between biotic and abiotic components that influence ecosystem stability. These findings indicate that Research by Ceballos et al. (2015) indicates that anthropogenic activities have accelerated species extinction rates beyond natural baselines. These findings indicate that Ecosystem services provide critical benefits to human societies, yet remain undervalued in economic systems. In this context, Ecosystem services provide critical benefits to human societies, yet remain undervalued in economic systems. These findings indicate that Research by Ceballos et al. (2015) indicates that anthropogenic activities have accelerated species extinction rates beyond natural baselines. Moreover, According to the latest IPCC report (2021), climate data analysis reveals significant trends in temperature patterns and precipitation levels over recent decades. Furthermore, Environmental systems exhibit complex interactions between biotic and abiotic components that influence ecosystem stability.

Results

Biodiversity conservation efforts must address multiple scales from local habitats to global ecosystems. Moreover, The work of Chapin et al. (2011) on terrestrial ecosystem ecology provides a comprehensive framework for understanding these complex systems. These findings indicate that Costanza et al. (2014) estimated substantial changes in the global value of ecosystem services over recent decades. Additionally, As Ostrom (1990) demonstrated in her groundbreaking work, sustainable resource management requires integrated approaches that balance ecological preservation with human needs. According to the latest IPCC report (2021), climate data analysis reveals significant trends in temperature patterns and precipitation levels over recent decades. This suggests that The work of Chapin et al. (2011) on terrestrial ecosystem ecology provides a comprehensive framework for understanding these complex systems. These findings indicate that Biodiversity conservation efforts must address multiple scales from local habitats to global ecosystems. These findings indicate that Biodiversity conservation efforts must address multiple scales from local habitats to global ecosystems. Additionally, Biodiversity conservation efforts must address multiple scales from local habitats to global ecosystems. Moreover, According to the latest IPCC report (2021), climate data analysis reveals significant trends in temperature patterns and precipitation levels over recent decades. Moreover, As Ostrom (1990) demonstrated in her groundbreaking work, sustainable resource management requires integrated approaches that balance ecological preservation with human needs. In this context, Costanza et al. (2014) estimated substantial changes in the global value of ecosystem services over recent decades.

Wilson (2016) argues that protecting half of Earth's surface is essential for preserving biodiversity. Additionally, Research by Ceballos et al. (2015) indicates that anthropogenic activities have accelerated species extinction rates beyond natural baselines. Additionally, Research by Ceballos et al. (2015) indicates that anthropogenic activities have accelerated species extinction rates beyond natural baselines. Biodiversity conservation efforts must address multiple scales from local habitats to global ecosystems. Additionally, Ecosystem services provide critical benefits to human societies, yet remain undervalued in economic systems. Moreover, Research by Ceballos et al. (2015) indicates that anthropogenic activities have accelerated species extinction rates beyond natural baselines. Additionally, Biodiversity conservation efforts must address multiple scales from local habitats to global ecosystems. According to the latest IPCC report (2021), climate data analysis reveals significant trends in temperature patterns and precipitation levels over recent decades. Moreover, Environmental systems exhibit complex interactions between biotic and abiotic components that influence ecosystem stability. In this context, Environmental systems exhibit complex interactions between biotic and abiotic components that influence ecosystem stability. Moreover, Environmental systems exhibit complex interactions between biotic and abiotic components that influence ecosystem stability. Furthermore, Biodiversity conservation efforts must address multiple scales from local habitats to global ecosystems.

Discussion

The work of Chapin et al. (2011) on terrestrial ecosystem ecology provides a comprehensive framework for understanding these complex systems. Environmental systems exhibit complex interactions between biotic and abiotic components that influence ecosystem stability. This suggests that Research by Ceballos et al. (2015) indicates that anthropogenic activities have accelerated species extinction rates beyond natural baselines. Additionally, The work of Chapin et al. (2011) on terrestrial ecosystem ecology provides a comprehensive framework for understanding these complex systems. These findings indicate that As Ostrom (1990) demonstrated in her groundbreaking work, sustainable resource management requires integrated approaches that balance ecological preservation with human needs. Additionally, Costanza et al. (2014) estimated substantial changes in the global value of ecosystem services over recent decades. Biodiversity conservation efforts must address multiple scales from local habitats to global ecosystems. Moreover, Biodiversity conservation efforts must address multiple scales from local habitats to global ecosystems. In this context, Costanza et al. (2014) estimated substantial changes in the global value of ecosystem services over recent decades. Furthermore, As Ostrom (1990) demonstrated in her groundbreaking work, sustainable resource management requires integrated approaches that balance ecological preservation with human needs. This suggests that Biodiversity conservation efforts must address multiple scales from local habitats to global ecosystems. Additionally, Biodiversity conservation efforts must address multiple scales from local habitats to global ecosystems. Additionally, The work of Chapin et al. (2011) on terrestrial ecosystem ecology provides a comprehensive framework for understanding these complex systems.

Biodiversity conservation efforts must address multiple scales from local habitats to global ecosystems. Environmental systems exhibit complex interactions between biotic and abiotic components that influence ecosystem stability. Furthermore, Environmental systems exhibit complex interactions between biotic and abiotic components that influence ecosystem stability. These findings indicate that According to the latest IPCC report (2021), climate data analysis reveals significant trends in temperature patterns and precipitation levels over recent decades. Additionally, As Ostrom (1990) demonstrated in her groundbreaking work, sustainable resource management requires integrated approaches that balance ecological preservation with human needs. In this context, Biodiversity conservation efforts must address multiple scales from local habitats to global ecosystems. As Ostrom (1990) demonstrated in her groundbreaking work, sustainable resource management requires integrated approaches that balance ecological preservation with human needs. Furthermore, Wilson (2016) argues that protecting half of Earth's surface is essential for preserving biodiversity. As Ostrom (1990) demonstrated in her groundbreaking work, sustainable resource management requires integrated approaches that balance ecological preservation with human needs. Research by Ceballos et al. (2015) indicates that anthropogenic activities have accelerated species extinction rates beyond natural baselines. As Ostrom (1990) demonstrated in her groundbreaking work, sustainable resource management requires integrated approaches that balance ecological preservation with human needs.

Methodology

This study employed a rigorous methodological approach appropriate for Environmental Science research. Following the experimental design principles established by Campbell and Stanley (1963), data collection procedures adhered to established protocols to ensure validity and reliability. The sample size was determined through power analysis, as recommended by Cohen (1988), to achieve adequate statistical sensitivity. Analytical techniques included both descriptive and inferential statistics, with appropriate controls for potential confounding variables. Ethical considerations were addressed through institutional review board approval and informed consent procedures, adhering to professional standards for research ethics.

Research by Ceballos et al. (2015) indicates that anthropogenic activities have accelerated species extinction rates beyond natural baselines. Furthermore, Research by Ceballos et al. (2015) indicates that anthropogenic activities have accelerated species extinction rates beyond natural baselines. Furthermore, Wilson (2016) argues that protecting half of Earth's surface is essential for preserving biodiversity. Moreover, Environmental systems exhibit complex interactions between biotic and abiotic components that influence ecosystem stability. In this context, Biodiversity conservation efforts must address multiple scales from local habitats to global ecosystems. Furthermore, Ecosystem services provide critical benefits to human societies, yet remain undervalued in economic systems. Additionally, Research by Ceballos et al. (2015) indicates that anthropogenic activities have accelerated species extinction rates beyond natural baselines. In this context, According to the latest IPCC report (2021), climate data analysis reveals significant trends in temperature patterns and precipitation levels over recent decades. Moreover, Costanza et al. (2014) estimated substantial changes in the global value of ecosystem services over recent decades. This suggests that Research by Ceballos et al. (2015) indicates that anthropogenic activities have accelerated species extinction rates beyond natural baselines. In this context, According to the latest IPCC report (2021), climate data analysis reveals significant trends in temperature patterns and precipitation levels over recent decades.

Results and Discussion

Costanza et al. (2014) estimated substantial changes in the global value of ecosystem services over recent decades. This suggests that Ecosystem services provide critical benefits to human societies, yet remain undervalued in economic systems. Moreover, Wilson (2016) argues that protecting half of Earth's surface is essential for preserving biodiversity. Additionally, Costanza et al. (2014) estimated substantial changes in the global value of ecosystem services over recent decades. Additionally, Wilson (2016) argues that protecting half of Earth's surface is essential for preserving biodiversity. Moreover, Wilson (2016) argues that protecting half of Earth's surface is essential for preserving biodiversity. These findings indicate that According to the latest IPCC report (2021), climate data analysis reveals significant trends in temperature patterns and precipitation levels over recent decades. This suggests that Environmental systems exhibit complex interactions between biotic and abiotic components that influence ecosystem stability. This suggests that As Ostrom (1990) demonstrated in her groundbreaking work, sustainable resource management requires integrated approaches that balance ecological preservation with human needs. Furthermore, As Ostrom (1990) demonstrated in her groundbreaking work, sustainable resource management requires integrated approaches that balance ecological preservation with human needs. Moreover, Wilson (2016) argues that protecting half of Earth's surface is essential for preserving biodiversity. This suggests that Ecosystem services provide critical benefits to human societies, yet remain undervalued in economic systems. In this context, Costanza et al. (2014) estimated substantial changes in the global value of ecosystem services over recent decades.

As Ostrom (1990) demonstrated in her groundbreaking work, sustainable resource management requires integrated approaches that balance ecological preservation with human needs. Furthermore, Ecosystem services provide critical benefits to human societies, yet remain undervalued in economic systems. Ecosystem services provide critical benefits to human societies, yet remain undervalued in economic systems. Furthermore, As Ostrom (1990) demonstrated in her groundbreaking work, sustainable resource management requires integrated approaches that balance ecological preservation with human needs. Additionally, Biodiversity conservation efforts must address multiple scales from local habitats to global ecosystems. Ecosystem services provide critical benefits to human societies, yet remain undervalued in economic systems. This suggests that The work of Chapin et al. (2011) on terrestrial ecosystem ecology provides a comprehensive framework for understanding these complex systems. In this context, Environmental systems exhibit complex interactions between biotic and abiotic components that influence ecosystem stability. As Ostrom (1990) demonstrated in her groundbreaking work, sustainable resource management requires integrated approaches that balance ecological preservation with human needs. This suggests that Biodiversity conservation efforts must address multiple scales from local habitats to global ecosystems. In this context, Biodiversity conservation efforts must address multiple scales from local habitats to global ecosystems. These findings indicate that Biodiversity conservation efforts must address multiple scales from local habitats to global ecosystems.

Conclusion

Environmental systems exhibit complex interactions between biotic and abiotic components that influence ecosystem stability. In this context, Biodiversity conservation efforts must address multiple scales from local habitats to global ecosystems. Moreover, The work of Chapin et al. (2011) on terrestrial ecosystem ecology provides a comprehensive framework for understanding these complex systems. Additionally, Ecosystem services provide critical benefits to human societies, yet remain undervalued in economic systems. Furthermore, Biodiversity conservation efforts must address multiple scales from local habitats to global ecosystems. These findings indicate that Environmental systems exhibit complex interactions between biotic and abiotic components that influence ecosystem stability. Furthermore, Research by Ceballos et al. (2015) indicates that anthropogenic activities have accelerated species extinction rates beyond natural baselines. This suggests that According to the latest IPCC report (2021), climate data analysis reveals significant trends in temperature patterns and precipitation levels over recent decades. Moreover, Biodiversity conservation efforts must address multiple scales from local habitats to global ecosystems. In this context, Wilson (2016) argues that protecting half of Earth's surface is essential for preserving biodiversity. This suggests that Ecosystem services provide critical benefits to human societies, yet remain undervalued in economic systems. Additionally, As Ostrom (1990) demonstrated in her groundbreaking work, sustainable resource management requires integrated approaches that balance ecological preservation with human needs.

References